Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões
http://www.rcbc.periodikos.com.br/article/doi/10.1590/0100-6991e-2026005725
Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões
Artigo Original

Método K-Punch: Um método diagnóstico eficaz para a Doença de Hirschsrung em países de renda baixa a média - uma série de casos

The K-Punch Method: An Effective Diagnostic Approach for Hirschsprung Disease in Low- and Middle-Income Countries - A Case Series

Deborah Nunes Chagas D'Araujo; Adauto D. M. Barbosa; Lisieux Eyer de Jesus

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Resumo

Introdução: A aganglionose intestinal congênita (doença de Hirschsprung - DH) é caracterizada pela ausência de células ganglionares parassimpáticas intramurais nas camadas submucosa e muscular da parede intestinal, afetando predominantemente a região retossigmóide e determinando obstrução intestinal funcional. A biópsia retal é o padrão ouro para o diagnóstico, e existem várias técnicas disponíveis para a obtenção de amostras. Limitações relacionadas ao custo, manutenção dos equipamentos e acessibilidade dos instrumentos de biópsia têm dificultado a implementação de biópsias de aspiração, minimamente invasivas, no Brasil. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do método K punch (MKP) como alternativa de mínima invasão e baixo custo na obtenção de amostras retais submucosas para análise histopatológica na investigação da DH.

Métodos: Análise retrospectiva em uma coorte de 25 pacientes pediátricos submetidos à avaliação histológica para DH usando o método de biópsia MKP.

Resultados: As amostras foram adequadas para análise histológica objetivando o diagnóstico de DH em 24 casos (96%). Um paciente necessitou repetir o procedimento devido à insuficiência do fragmento obtido. Foi observada uma complicação leve (sangramento autolimitado), sem necessidade de intervenção adicional (Clavien-Dindo 1).

Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a técnica MCK é capaz de prover amostras retais submucosas adequadas para análise histológica para o diagnóstico da DH, podendo ter aplicabilidade em diferentes contextos assistenciais.

Palavras-chave

Aganglionose Colônica; Histologia, Diagnóstico; Biópsia; Obstrução Intestinal; Constipação; Megacólon; Estudo de Coorte

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital intestinal aganglionosis (Hirschsprung’s disease - HD) is characterized by the absence of intramural parasympathetic ganglion cells in the submucosal and muscular layers of the intestinal wall, predominantly affecting the recto-sigmoid and determining functional intestinal obstruction. Rectal biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, and there are several techniques available for obtaining samples. Limitations related to cost, equipment maintenance and access to biopsy instruments have hindered the implementation of minimally invasive aspiration biopsies in Brazil. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the K punch method (MKP) as a minimal invasion and low cost alternative in obtaining submucosal rectal samples for histopathological analysis in the investigation of HD.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of a 25 pediatric patients´ cohort, which has been submitted to histological evaluation for HD using the MKP biopsy method.

Results: The samples were suitable for histological analysis aiming at the diagnosis of HD in 24 cases (96%). One patient needed to repeat the procedure due to the insufficiency of the fragment obtained. A mild complication (self-limited bleeding) was observed, without the need for additional intervention (Clavien-Dindo 1).

Conclusion: The results suggest that the MCK technique can provide adequate rectal submucosal samples for histological analysis towards the diagnosis of HD, and may be applicable in different health care contexts.

Keywords

Colonic Aganglionosis; Histology, Diagnosis; Biopsy; Intestinal Obstruction; Constipation; Megacolon; Cohort Study  

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Submetido em:
09/09/2025

Aceito em:
05/05/2026

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